Chop the shrimp into small pieces and place them in a mixing bowl.
Add rice flour, fish sauce, garlic, cilantro, sugar, salt, and pepper to the chopped shrimp. Mix until well combined.
Form the mixture into small patties, about 2 inches in diameter.
Heat vegetable oil in a skillet over medium heat. Once the oil is hot, add the shrimp cakes to the skillet. Fry for 3 minutes on each side, or until golden brown and crispy. Remove from the skillet and drain on a paper towel.
In a small bowl, combine fish sauce, lime juice, sugar, chopped chili, and garlic. Stir until the sugar dissolves.
Serve the shrimp cakes hot with the dipping sauce on the side.